@article { author = {}, title = {Radiotherapy Measurements Using Fricke Gel Dosimeter}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {1-15}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1585}, abstract = {THE RADIOTHERAPY is mainly used in cancer treatment. The treatment machines are divided into two types, one is depending on natural sources (e.g cobalt 60 machine) which delivers gamma ray and the other is depending on artificial source such as linear accelerator machine (Linac), they both deliver electron and X-ray with different energies. To calculate treatment dose or to setup a radiotherapy plan for a patient with suitable energy, some parameters must be measured to check the quality and the quantity of this energy. In present study, dosimetric parameters, such as calibration curve, open and wedged beam profiles and total scatter factors, are evaluated for two mega voltage photons “X-ray” (6 & 15 MV) and two electrons (6 & 15 MeV) beam energies using a chemical dosimeters such as Fricke Xylenol Gel dosimeter (FXG). The measurements are compared with other dosimeters such as ionization chambers and daily QA machine. The aim of this work is to evaluate the FXG to be used in measuring these parameters and acts as alternative dosimeter used in daily quality assurance checks. The results show that the differences of these parameters between the standard dosimeters (Ionization chambers and daily QA machine) are not more than 3%.}, keywords = {Radiotherapy,Dosimetric parameters,Beam profiles,Output factor,Fricke Xylenol Gel,Ionization chamber}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1585.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1585_747721f1ba429b65ac403c24ecc97728.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antimicrobial Effects of Ag and ZnO Nanoparticles}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {17-28}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1586}, abstract = {NANOTECHNOLOGY has emerged in the past decades with ……different disciplines including medicine that plays an important role in improvement of human health. Utilization of nanomaterials in antimicrobial application may help to avoid drawbacks of antibiotics or help to improve their antimicrobial effect against resistance of microorganisms. In the present work, silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized ZnO and Ag NPs are carried out by the well diffusion and a microtiter methods against different pathogens (Fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) to reveal their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The obtained results indicate that both types of nanoparticles are bacteriostatic and bactericidal while silver is more potent than ZnO NPs.}, keywords = {Nanotechnology,Ag,ZnO,NPs,Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1586.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1586_eeac7cbdc918f0fb0b5e35d5c7cba334.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Ehrlich Carcinoma}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {29-39}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1587}, abstract = {RECENT progress in atmospheric plasma has led to creation of cold plasma with ions temperature close to room temperature. In present study the effects of cold atmospheric plasma jet on Ehrlich Carcinoma (EC) has been revealed. The present study is carried out on three groups of Males Swiss albino mice bearing Ehrlich Carcinoma. Design of suitable plasma source is used for the treatment. Tumors are ablated with a single transdermal cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment. Tumor volume and mice survival parameters are determined. Results indicate that the mechanism of action for cold plasma on cancer cells is due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is occurred with possible induction of the apoptosis pathways. The results of this study reveal that the CAP greatly inhibits Ehrlich Carcinoma cells (ECC) growth. This is considered as an advanced new modality for treatment of cancer cells with least side effects.}, keywords = {Cold plasma,Ehrlich carcinoma and Reactive oxygen species (ROS)}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1587.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1587_9fcca3cc631070ab85d76f42833b0b9f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of N-acetylcarnosine on Lens Opacities in Diabetic Rats with Cataract}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {41-52}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1588}, abstract = {THE PRESENT study evaluates the effect of 1%N-acetylcarnosinex\ (NAC) solution on lens protein in diabetic cataractous rat. Diabetes is induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and maintained on hyperglycemia for a follow up periods of 1, 3, 5 and 7 weeks. The animals are classified as control, NAC treated group after STZ induced diabetic cataract and NAC treated group before and after STZ induced diabetic cataract. After the estimated periods, levels of soluble lens protein, refractive index (RI), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative capacity are estimated. Further, lens protein conformation changes are analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Diabetic cataract significantly decreases the protein level in soluble fraction of lens. Whereas the refractive index is decreased for all diabetic rat lenses. Moreover, diabetic cataract strongly enhances the enhancement of total oxidant capacity (TOC) and decrement in (TAC) with appearance of conformational change in protein assessed by FTIR spectroscopy. Treatment of cataractous lens with NAC before and after STZ induced diabetic cataract in rat suggests better improvement in lens clarity than treatment only after cataract induction. 1% NAC has potential as an in vivo antioxidant because of its ability to give effective protection against cataract and oxidative stress when applied with different techniques of ocular administration.}, keywords = {N-Acetyl Carrosine (NAC),Streptozotocin (STZ),Diabetic cataract,Refractive index (RI),FTIR Spectroscopy}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1588.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1588_6d82d37213666b62a09ecc35578f177d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of 3D Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Using Dosimetric Indices}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {53-65}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1589}, abstract = {THE PRESENT study aims to evaluate three dimensional …...conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for patients with prostate cancer. This will be done by the effect of 6 MV and 15 MV photon energies in addition to some of treatment fields using different of conformity indices. For such study 10 patients with prostate cancer are selected. The computed tomography CT slices are taken for each patient and transferred to XiO treatment planning system. Evaluation of treatment plans is performed by conformity indices. The 3DCRT plans are designed using CMS XiO treatment planning system using linear accelerator with multi-leaf collimator (MLC) with two energies 6 and 15 MV. The results of conformity index (CI) show anaverage value from 1.5± 0.03 to 1.9± 0.06 in 6-Fields with 15 MV and 3-Fields with 6MV, respectively. The results of conformation number (CN) indicate an average value from 0.51± 0.02 to 0.67± 0.02 in 3-Fields  with 6MV and 6-Fields with 15MV, respectively. In conclusion, the use of high-energy 15 MV or 6 MV photons achieves the same dose coverage but in case of using 15 MV photon produces better safety for organs at risk and also improves conformity indices of dose to planning target volume (PTV). This occurs when increasing number of fields which improves conformity indices and decrease dose to organs at risk. The conformity index and conformation number give the same dosimetric information after the revision of DVH and dose distributions. }, keywords = {Prostate Cancer,Conformity index (CI),Conformation number (CN),Computed tomography}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1589.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1589_657eea5b6b5c09483fe54f150369bb90.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Clinical and Plan Complexity Effects of Using Direct Aperture Optimization in Breast, Head and Neck IMRT Treatment}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {67-79}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1590}, abstract = {TO INVESTIGATE the planning complexity and dosimetric impacts of direct aperture optimization (DAO) in IMRT treatment of breast, head and neck (H/N) cancers.Three breast and five H/N patients were planned using the beamlet optimizer in Elekta-Xio© ver 4.6 IMRT treatment planning system. Based on our experience in beamlet IMRT optimization, breast PTVs were prescribed to 50 Gy with 2 fields. While PTVs in H/N plans were prescribed to 70 Gy delivered by 7 fields.. In all plans, fields were set to be equally spaced. All cases were re-planed using Direct Aperture optimizer (DAO) in Prowess Panther© ver 5.01 IMRT planning system at same configurations and dose constraints. Plans were evaluated according to ICRU criteria, number of segments, number of monitor units and planning time.For H/N plans, the dose that covers 95% (D95) from PTV was 0.8% on average for plans done using beamlet optimizer more than that done using DAO, while D98%, D50% and D2% were higher in DAO plans than in beamlet optimizer by about 3%, 1%, and 2.2 %, respectively. For OAR, results showed an improvement in lung sparing in plans done using beamlet optimizer where V20 was lower by 12%. While DAO improved heart sparing than beamlet optimizer as V20 was lower 12%. These results achied using around less 45% segments number and 50% monitor units number as well.In DAO H/N plans, the near maximum dose (D2) and the dose that covers 95% (D95) of PTV has improved by 4% in DAO. For organs at risk (OAR), DAO reduced the volume covered by 30% (V30) inspinal cord, right parotid, and left parotid by 60%, 54%, and 53% respectively. This considerable dosimetric quality improvement achieved using 25% less planning time and lower number of segments and monitor units by 46% and 51%, respectively.DAO introduces considerable advantages over beamlet optimization in regards to organ at risk sparing. While no significant improvement occurred in the PTV ICRU reporting dose.}, keywords = {DAO,IMRT,Optimization}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1590.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1590_ab0394b876ccf634384258eab1dd31c8.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Antibacterial Characterization Studies of Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Biophysics}, volume = {17}, number = {1}, pages = {81-96}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {1110-8525}, eissn = {2357-0911}, doi = {10.21608/ejbbe.2016.1591}, abstract = {THE PRESENT study was performed to investigate the …….antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) between gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. The activity of Ag-NPs synthesized by physical method, this study was performed by observing the bacterial cells treated or not with Ag-NPs on bacterial conductivity, antibiotic susceptibility, molecular and morphological cellular structure by transmission TEM as results indicated that E.Coli and S. aureus treated with Ag-NPs can inhibit bacterial growth and significant increase in antibiotic susceptibility to protein, cell wall and DNA inhibitors. Results of dielectric relaxation and TEM indicated molecular and morphological changes. It will be concluded that Ag-NPs could be used as an excellent effective antimicrobial material on microorganisms.}, keywords = {S .aureus,E. coli,Ag-NPs,TEM,Antibiotic Susceptibility,DNA,Dielectric relaxation}, url = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1591.html}, eprint = {https://ejbbe.journals.ekb.eg/article_1591_38ee4b3d5e53f71464c1ec696d783b14.pdf} }